The Hardiest Variety of Black Bamboo

Phyllostachys nigra, or black bamboo, is a cold-hardy, tropical-looking bamboo, with a striking contrast between its jet black culms and bright green leaves. The effect is most pronounced in a mature grove, with bottom branches trimmed to expose the culms.

There are several varieties of black bamboo, including ‘Bory’, ‘Hale’, ‘Henon’, and ‘Megurochiku’. Each differs in size, culm color patterns, and hardiness, but Phyllostachys nigra ‘Hale’ is considered to be the most cold-hardy of the species. It can reach 20 feet in height, with a maximum culm diameter of 1.5 inches, and is highly valued for its form, and consistency of coloration.

Phyllostachys nigra ‘Hale’ (Black bamboo)

Young shoots can droop significantly, and even mature culms are somewhat reflexed. While the culms of other black bamboos can take 1 to 2 years to turn black after emerging from the ground, ‘Hale’ culms typically change color within a single growing season. It is a runner, and while not as vigorous in colder climates, a rhizome barrier is still recommended.

Hardiness

Phyllostachys nigra ‘Hale’ is rated hardy to -5°F (zone 6b). Some reports indicate root survival to -20°F. The species is rated hardy to 0°F, with root survival to -10°F. If the bamboo is top-killed in the winter, it may take on more aggressive running characteristics and send up more new shoots than normal the following spring.

Phyllostachys nigra ‘Hale’ culms turn black faster than other varieties of black bamboo. The culms pictured above are less than two months old.